asp.net core下的如何给网站做安全设置
首先,我们来看下stack overflow网站的请求头文件:
![](https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-1339050/4e71f9acb973df30373630c8eb20f088.png)
可以看到一些我们熟悉或是陌生的HTTP头部文件字段。 在这里我们在对HTTP输入流的头部文件中,做一些基本的防护。首先要明确,既然我们是对HTTP头部做处理,那么就需要在Startup.cs类的 Configuration方法中做处理,因为这里就是处理HTTP输入流的。
首先做一些基本的处理,比如中间件和基本的类:
public class SecurityHeadersPolicy
{
public IDictionarystring, string>
SetHeaders {
get;
}
= new Dictionarystring, string>
();
public ISetstring>
RemoveHeaders {
get;
}
= new HashSetstring>
();
}
这里的头部信息是我们定义好的,用来增加或是删除头部信息,然后就是我们的中间件:
public class SecurityHeadersMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly SecurityHeadersPolicy _policy;
public SecurityHeadersMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, SecurityHeadersPolicy policy)
{
_next = next;
_policy = policy;
}
public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
IHeaderDictionary headers = context.Response.Headers;
foreach (var headerValuePair in _policy.SetHeaders)
{
headers[headerValuePair.Key] = headerValuePair.Value;
}
foreach (var header in _policy.RemoveHeaders)
{
headers.Remove(header);
}
await _next(context);
}
}
基于IApplicationBuilder接口做一个中间件的扩展方法:
public static class MiddlewareExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseSecurityHeadersMiddleware(this IApplicationBuilder app, SecurityHeadersBuilder builder)
{
SecurityHeaderPolicy policy = builder.Build();
return app.UseMiddlewareSecurityHeadersMiddleware>
(policy);
}
}
封装好相关的安全类:
public class SecurityHeadersBuilder
{
private readonly SecurityHeadersPolicy _policy = new SecurityHeadersPolicy();
public SecurityHeadersBuilder AddDefaultSecurePolicy()
{
AddFrameOptionsDeny();
AddXssProtectionBlock();
AddContentTypeOptionsNoSniff();
AddStrictTransportSecurityMaxAge();
RemoveServerHeader();
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersBuilder AddFrameOptionsDeny()
{
_policy.SetHeaders[FrameOptionsConstants.Header] = FrameOptionsConstants.Deny;
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersBuilder AddFrameOptionsSameOrigin()
{
_policy.SetHeaders[FrameOptionsConstants.Header] = FrameOptionsConstants.SameOrigin;
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersBuilder AddFrameOptionsSameOrigin(string uri)
{
_policy.SetHeaders[FrameOptionsConstants.Header] = string.Format(FrameOptionsConstants.AllowFromUri, uri);
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersBuilder RemoveServerHeader()
{
_policy.RemoveHeaders.Add(ServerConstants.Header);
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersBuilder AddCustomHeader(string header, string value)
{
_policy.SetHeaders[header] = value;
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersBuilder RemoveHeader(string header)
{
_policy.RemoveHeaders.Add(header);
return this;
}
public SecurityHeadersPolicy Build()
{
return _policy;
}
}
最后注入到HTTP的输入流中:
app.UseSecurityHeadersMiddleware(new SecurityHeadersBuilder()
.AddDefaultSecurePolicy()
);
然后我们浏览一下网页,就可以在HTTP的头部信息中看到:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html;
charset=utf-8
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 1;
mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
还有一个就是CSRF的防护,如果之前你用过ASP.NET MVC,在最基本的MVC模板中,可能你会留意到已有的cshtml页面中的form表单有这么一句:
@Html.AntiForgeryToken()
这就是微软在MVC框架中为我们提供的防护CSRF的方法。我们在表单中直接使用上面那句代码就可以了,然后在表单提交的Action方法中:
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult AntiForm(string message)
{
return Content(message);
}
使用[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]属性,来验证CSRF。
参考链接: How to add security headers in ASP.NET Core using custom middleware(如何使用自定义中间件在ASP.NET Core中添加安全标头)
初探CSRF在ASP.NET Core中的处理方式
代码地址: https://github.com/RyanOvO/aspnetcore-fileup-demo
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