Ubuntu下C++网络编程实战

在 Ubuntu 下进行 C++ 网络编程实战，你需要了解一些基本的网络编程概念和相关库

1. 安装必要的库和工具：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ cmake

1. 创建一个新的项目文件夹并进入：

mkdir cpp_networking_project
cd cpp_networking_project

1. 创建一个名为 CMakeLists.txt 的文件，用于配置项目：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(cpp_networking_project)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

add_executable(server server.cpp)
add_executable(client client.cpp)

1. 创建服务器（server.cpp）和客户端（client.cpp）源代码文件：

server.cpp:

#include<
    iostream>
    
#include <
    sys/socket.h>
    
#include <
    arpa/inet.h>
    
#include <
    unistd.h>
    
#include <
    cstring>
    

const int PORT = 8080;
    
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;


int main() {
    
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);

    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {
0}
    ;
    
    char *message = "Hello from server!";


    // 创建 socket
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Socket creation failed"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    // 绑定 socket
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&
    address, sizeof(address)) <
 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Bind failed"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    // 监听连接
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) <
 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Listen failed"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    // 接受连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&
    address, (socklen_t *)&
    addrlen)) <
 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Accept failed"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    // 读取客户端发送的数据
    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    
    std::cout <
    <
     "Message from client: "<
    <
     buffer<
    <
     std::endl;
    

    // 向客户端发送消息
    send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0);
    
    std::cout <
    <
     "Message sent to client"<
    <
     std::endl;
    

    // 关闭 socket
    close(new_socket);
    
    close(server_fd);
    

    return 0;

}
    

client.cpp:

#include<
    iostream>
    
#include <
    sys/socket.h>
    
#include <
    arpa/inet.h>
    
#include <
    unistd.h>
    
#include <
    cstring>
    

const std::string SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";
    
const int PORT = 8080;
    
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;


int main() {
    
    int sock = 0;
    
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;

    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {
0}
    ;
    
    char *message = "Hello from client!";
    

    // 创建 socket
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) <
 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Socket creation failed"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    

    // 将 IP 地址转换为二进制格式
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP.c_str(), &
    serv_addr.sin_addr) <
= 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Invalid address / Address not supported"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    // 连接到服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&
    serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) <
 0) {
    
        std::cerr <
    <
     "Connection failed"<
    <
     std::endl;
    
        return -1;

    }
    

    // 向服务器发送消息
    send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0);
    

    // 从服务器接收消息
    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    
    std::cout <
    <
     "Message from server: "<
    <
     buffer<
    <
     std::endl;
    

    // 关闭 socket
    close(sock);
    

    return 0;

}
    

1. 编译并运行项目：

cmake .
make
./server &
    
./client

这个例子展示了如何在 Ubuntu 下使用 C++ 进行基本的网络编程。你可以根据自己的需求修改代码，实现更复杂的功能。

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