GitLab与Ubuntu如何集成
Integrating GitLab with Ubuntu: A Step-by-Step Guide
GitLab is a powerful web-based Git repository manager that integrates seamlessly with Ubuntu, enabling version control, CI/CD, issue tracking, and collaboration. Below is a structured guide to installing, configuring, and optimizing GitLab on Ubuntu.
1. Prerequisites
Before installing GitLab, ensure your Ubuntu system meets the following requirements:
- Ubuntu Version: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (recommended for long-term support) or later.
- System Resources: At least 4GB RAM (2GB minimum, but 4GB+ is recommended for production), 2 CPU cores, and 25GB+ storage.
- Dependencies: Update your system and install essential packages:
During postfix installation, select Internet Site and enter your domain/server name (e.g.,sudo apt update & & sudo apt upgrade -y sudo apt install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata postfix
gitlab.example.com
).
2. Install GitLab Community Edition (CE)
GitLab CE is the free, open-source version suitable for most teams. Follow these steps:
a. Add GitLab’s Official Repository
GitLab provides a Debian repository to simplify installation and updates. Run the following commands to add the repository:
curl -sS https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
This script adds GitLab’s GPG key and configures the repository.
b. Install GitLab CE
Specify your server’s external URL (domain or IP address) during installation. Replace <
YOUR_DOMAIN_OR_IP>
with your actual value (e.g., http://192.168.1.100
):
sudo EXTERNAL_URL="<
YOUR_DOMAIN_OR_IP>
" apt install gitlab-ce -y
The -y
flag auto-confirms installation prompts.
3. Configure GitLab
After installation, configure GitLab to suit your environment:
a. Modify External URL (Optional)
If you need to change the external URL later, edit the GitLab configuration file:
sudo nano /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
Find the line external_url '<
YOUR_DOMAIN_OR_IP>
'
and update it. Save the file and exit (Ctrl+O
, Enter
, Ctrl+X
).
b. Reconfigure GitLab
Apply configuration changes by running:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
This command updates GitLab’s settings, restarts services, and ensures consistency.
c. Restart GitLab
To apply changes immediately, restart the GitLab service:
sudo gitlab-ctl restart
This ensures all components (web server, database, etc.) are running with the new configuration.
4. Access GitLab
Once configured, access GitLab via your browser:
- Open a browser and navigate to
http://< YOUR_DOMAIN_OR_IP>
. - The first time you log in, use the default administrator credentials:
- Username:
root
- Password: Retrieved from
/etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
(runcat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
to view; delete this file after use for security).
- Username:
5. Post-Installation Setup
Optimize GitLab for security and usability:
a. Change the Root Password
Log in as root
and immediately change the password. GitLab will prompt you to set a new one during the first login.
b. Configure HTTPS (Recommended)
Use Let’s Encrypt to enable free SSL/TLS encryption. Install Certbot and run:
sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d <
YOUR_DOMAIN>
Follow the prompts to complete the setup. This automatically configures HTTPS for your GitLab instance.
c. Configure Firewall
Allow HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), and SSH (22) ports to enable external access:
sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw allow https
sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw enable
Verify the rules with sudo ufw status
.
d. Set Up SSH Keys
To push/pull code securely, add your SSH key to GitLab:
- On your local machine, generate an SSH key (if you don’t have one):
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"
- Copy the public key (
~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
) to your clipboard. - In GitLab, go to User Profile > Settings > SSH Keys and paste the key.
- Test the connection:
You should see a welcome message (e.g., “Welcome to GitLab, @your_username!”).ssh -T git@< YOUR_DOMAIN>
6. Optional: Advanced Configuration
For production environments, consider these enhancements:
a. Backups
Schedule regular backups to protect your data. Run the following command to create a manual backup:
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
Backups are stored in /var/opt/gitlab/backups
by default. To automate backups, add a cron job (e.g., daily at 2 AM):
sudo crontab -e
Add this line:
0 2 * * * /opt/gitlab/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create CRON=1
b. GitLab CI/CD
Enable automated build/test/deploy pipelines by creating a .gitlab-ci.yml
file in your project root. Example:
stages:
- test
- deploy
test_job:
stage: test
script:
- echo "Running tests..."
- npm test # Replace with your test command
deploy_job:
stage: deploy
script:
- echo "Deploying to production..."
- scp -r ./ user@server:/var/www/html # Replace with your deploy command
only:
- main # Run only on the main branch
Commit and push the file to trigger the pipeline.
By following these steps, you can successfully integrate GitLab with Ubuntu, creating a robust platform for source code management and team collaboration. For further customization, refer to GitLab’s official documentation.
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