解读Linux dmesg中的驱动加载信息

dmesg（display message或者driver message）是Linux系统中的一个命令，用于显示内核启动以来的消息缓冲区内容

在dmesg的输出中，驱动加载信息通常包含以下内容：

1. 驱动名称：显示正在加载或已加载的驱动程序的名称。
2. 设备名称：显示与驱动程序关联的设备名称。
3. 驱动版本：显示驱动程序的版本信息。
4. 驱动许可证：显示驱动程序使用的许可证类型。
5. 内存地址：显示驱动程序在内存中的起始地址和结束地址。
6. 依赖关系：显示驱动程序所依赖的其他模块或组件。
7. 加载状态：显示驱动程序是否成功加载，如果有错误，会显示相应的错误代码。

以下是一个典型的dmesg输出示例，其中包含了驱动加载信息：

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.4.0-42-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-039) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-10ubuntu2)) #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 00:24:02 UTC 2020
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic root=UUID=xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx rootflags=ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
[    0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
[    0.000000]   Intel GenuineIntel
[    0.000000]   AMD AuthenticAMD
[    0.000000]   Centaur CentaurHauls
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]:  576, xstate_sizes[2]:  256
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'compacted' format.
[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bffaffff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bfc00000-0x00000000bfffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000000cfffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0000000-0x00000000d1ffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2000000-0x00000000d2000fff] ACPI data
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2001000-0x00000000d201ffff] ACPI NVS
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2020000-0x00000000d20fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2100000-0x00000000d2100fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2101000-0x00000000d211ffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2120000-0x00000000d2120fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2121000-0x00000000d2121fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2122000-0x00000000d2122fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2123000-0x00000000d2123fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2124000-0x00000000d2124fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2125000-0x00000000d2125fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2126000-0x00000000d2126fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2127000-0x00000000d2127fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2128000-0x00000000d2128fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2129000-0x00000000d2129fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d212a000-0x00000000d212afff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d212b000-0x00000000d212bfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d212c000-0x00000000d212cfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d212d000-0x00000000d212dfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d212e000-0x00000000d212efff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d212f000-0x00000000d212ffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2130000-0x00000000d2130fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2131000-0x00000000d2131fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2132000-0x00000000d2132fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2133000-0x00000000d2133fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2134000-0x00000000d2134fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2135000-0x00000000d2135fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2136000-0x00000000d2136fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2137000-0x00000000d2137fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2138000-0x00000000d2138fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d2139000-0x00000000d2139fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d213a000-0x00000000d213afff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d213b000-0x00000000d213bfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d213c000-0x00000000d213cfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d213d000-0x00000000d213dfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d213e000-0x00000000d213efff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d213f000-0x00000000d213ffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000041fffffff] usable
[    0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[    0.000000] SMBIOS 2.8 present.
[    0.000000] DMI: QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS QEMU_EFI_64 1.0 03/01/2019
[    0.000000] tsc: Fast TSC calibration using PIT
[    0.000000] tsc: Detected 3593.125 MHz processor
[    0.000000] e820: update [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff] usable ==>
     reserved
[    0.000000] e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] usable
...
[    0.123456] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.123456] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.123456] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.123456] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    0.123456] scsi host0: usb-storage
[    0.123456] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     USB Mass Storage Device    1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[    0.123456] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[    0.123456] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk

在这个示例中，我们可以看到usb-storage驱动程序已成功加载，并且与设备/dev/sda关联。

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