如何解读CentOS dmesg日志中的内核消息

解读CentOS dmesg日志中的内核消息可以通过以下几个步骤进行：

1. 了解dmesg的基本概念

• dmesg：是Linux系统中的一个命令，用于显示内核环缓冲区中的消息。
• 内核环缓冲区：是一个固定大小的环形数据结构，用于存储内核运行时的各种信息。

2. 查看dmesg输出

在终端中输入以下命令来查看最新的内核消息：

dmesg

或者使用less或more分页查看：

dmesg | less

3. 识别关键信息

内核消息通常包含以下几类信息：

• 硬件检测：如CPU、内存、硬盘等硬件的初始化和检测信息。
• 驱动加载：显示哪些设备驱动被加载或卸载。
• 系统启动过程：记录系统启动的各个阶段和关键事件。
• 错误和警告：显示系统运行过程中遇到的错误或警告信息。
• 性能监控：提供一些性能相关的统计信息。

4. 分析常见消息类型

• [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset：表示cgroup子系统cpuset正在初始化。
• [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64：显示当前运行的Linux内核版本。
• [ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=… ro quiet：显示启动时的命令行参数。
• [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:：列出系统支持的CPU型号。
• [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: ‘x87 floating point registers’
• [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: ‘SSE registers’
• [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: ‘AVX registers’
• [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]: 576, xstate_sizes[2]: 256
• [ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using ‘compacted’ format.
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bffaffff] usable
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bff b0000-0x00000000bfffffff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000000cfffffff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0000000-0x00000000d001ffff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0020000-0x00000000d0020fff] ACPI data
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0021000-0x00000000d0021fff] ACPI NVS
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0022000-0x00000000d0022fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0023000-0x00000000d0023fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0024000-0x00000000d0024fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0025000-0x00000000d0025fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0026000-0x00000000d0026fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0027000-0x00000000d0027fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0028000-0x00000000d0028fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0029000-0x00000000d0029fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d002a000-0x00000000d002afff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d002b000-0x00000000d002bfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d002c000-0x00000000d002cfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d002d000-0x00000000d002dfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d002e000-0x00000000d002efff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d002f000-0x00000000d002ffff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0030000-0x00000000d0030fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0031000-0x00000000d0031fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0032000-0x00000000d0032fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0033000-0x00000000d0033fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0034000-0x00000000d0034fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0035000-0x00000000d0035fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0036000-0x00000000d0036fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0037000-0x00000000d0037fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0038000-0x00000000d0038fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0039000-0x00000000d0039fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d003a000-0x00000000d003afff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d003b000-0x00000000d003bfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d003c000-0x00000000d003cfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d003d000-0x00000000d003dfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d003e000-0x00000000d003efff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d003f000-0x00000000d003ffff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0040000-0x00000000d0040fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0041000-0x00000000d0041fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0042000-0x00000000d0042fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0043000-0x00000000d0043fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0044000-0x00000000d0044fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0045000-0x00000000d0045fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0046000-0x00000000d0046fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0047000-0x00000000d0047fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0048000-0x00000000d0048fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0049000-0x00000000d0049fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d004a000-0x00000000d004afff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d004b000-0x00000000d004bfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d004c000-0x00000000d004cfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d004d000-0x00000000d004dfff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d004e000-0x00000000d004efff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d004f000-0x00000000d004ffff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0050000-0x00000000d0050fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0051000-0x00000000d0051fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0052000-0x00000000d0052fff] reserved
• [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000d0053000-0x00000000d0053fff] reserved
• **[

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