Compton在Linux中的高级设置

Compton in Linux: Advanced Configuration Guide

Compton is a lightweight window compositor for Linux that enhances desktop visuals with effects like shadows, transparency, and blurring. Advanced configuration involves fine-tuning parameters to balance performance and aesthetics, tailored to your hardware and workflow. Below are key advanced settings categorized by functionality, along with practical examples.

1. Backend Selection

The backend determines how Compton renders graphics. Common options include:

• xrender: CPU-based, stable but slower on older systems.
• glx: GPU-accelerated (via OpenGL), offers better performance but may cause compatibility issues with some drivers.
• wayland: For Wayland compositors (e.g., Sway), though support varies by distribution.

Configuration Example:

backend = "glx";
      # Prioritize GPU acceleration for smoother animations
glx-version = "3.3";
      # Ensure compatibility with modern OpenGL

Choose glx if your GPU supports it; otherwise, stick with xrender.

2. Shadows & Blur Effects

Customize shadow appearance and background blur to refine the desktop aesthetic:

• Shadows: Adjust radius (size), offset (position), and opacity.
• Blur: Use Gaussian algorithm with configurable kernel size and intensity.

Configuration Example:

[shadow]
shadow = true;
      # Enable shadows
shadow-radius = 5;
      # Softer, more natural shadow edges
shadow-offset-x = 1;
      # Slight horizontal offset
shadow-offset-y = 1;
      # Slight vertical offset
shadow-opacity = 0.3;
      # Subtle opacity to avoid distraction

[blur]
bg-blur = true;
      # Enable background blur for active windows
method = "gaussian";
      # Smoother blur effect
size = 10;
      # Kernel size (higher = more intense blur)
deviation = 5.0;
      # Blur intensity (higher = stronger effect)

Exclude non-essential windows (e.g., notifications, docks) from shadows to improve performance.

3. Transparency Rules

Control window transparency using opacity-rule, which uses regex to match window properties (class, title, etc.). This is useful for making specific apps more readable or reducing GPU load.

Configuration Example:

opacity-rule = [
    "CLASS = 'Firefox', opacity = 0.9;
    ",  # Firefox gets 90% opacity
    "CLASS = 'GIMP', opacity = 0.8;
    ",     # GIMP gets 80% opacity
    "NAME = 'Notification', opacity = 0.5;
    ",  # Notifications are semi-transparent
    "class_g ? 'Dmenu', opacity = 0.7;
    "   # Dmenu (menu) gets 70% opacity
];
    

Exclude windows from transparency (e.g., ignore-root = true) if you experience flickering or compatibility issues.

4. Performance Optimization

Adjust these settings to reduce CPU/GPU usage, especially on older hardware:

• vsync: Enable to prevent screen tearing (may introduce input lag on some systems).
• unredirect: Disable for windows that need immediate updates (e.g., games).
• glx-no-stencil: Disable stencil buffer to improve performance (may affect some effects).

Configuration Example:

vsync = true;
      # Reduce tearing (set to false if experiencing lag)
unredirect = false;
      # Keep most windows redirected for smoothness
glx-no-stencil = false;
      # Disable only if effects break

Combine with low shadow/blur settings for best performance on integrated GPUs.

5. Window Exclusions

Prevent specific windows from being processed by Compton to avoid bugs or unnecessary resource usage. Use regex to match window titles, classes, or states.

Configuration Example:

exclude = [
    "name = 'Notification'",  # Ignore system notifications
    "class_g ? 'Dmenu'",      # Ignore Dmenu (menu)
    "class_g ? 'Dunst'",      # Ignore Dunst (notification daemon)
    "_NET_WM_STATE@:32a * '_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN'",  # Ignore hidden windows
    "_GTK_FRAME_EXTENTS@:c"   # Ignore GTK frame extents (prevents artifacts)
];
    

Test exclusions thoroughly to ensure critical windows (e.g., dialogs) remain functional.

6. Fade Effects

Enable smooth transitions for window opening/closing or focus changes. Adjust the animation speed with fade-delta.

Configuration Example:

fade = true;
      # Enable fade effects
fade-delta = 0.05;
      # Faster animations (lower = quicker)

Disable fading (fade = false) if you prefer instant transitions or experience lag.

7. Debugging & Logging

Use these options to troubleshoot issues (e.g., crashes, visual glitches):

• log-level: Set verbosity (info, debug, warning).
• pid-file: Specify where to store the Compton process ID for easy management.

Configuration Example:

log-level = "debug";
      # Enable detailed logs for troubleshooting
pid-file = "/tmp/compton.pid";
      # Store PID for easy restart/kill

Check logs with journalctl -u compton (systemd) or cat /tmp/compton.log to identify issues.

Applying Changes

After editing ~/.config/compton.conf, restart Compton to apply settings:

killall compton &
    &
     compton &
      # Restart Compton

For custom config files, specify the path with --config:

compton --config ~/.config/my-compton.conf -f

By adjusting these advanced settings, you can optimize Compton’s performance and tailor its visual effects to your Linux desktop environment. Always test changes incrementally to find the right balance between aesthetics and functionality.

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