如何在Ubuntu中挂载网络驱动器

Here’s a concise guide to mounting network drives in Ubuntu, covering both SMB/CIFS (Windows) and NFS (Linux/Unix) protocols:

1. Mounting SMB/CIFS (Windows) Shares

Install Required Tools

First, install the cifs-utils package (needed for SMB/CIFS support):

sudo apt update &
    &
     sudo apt install cifs-utils

Create a Mount Point

Choose a local directory to access the shared files (e.g., /mnt/windows_share):

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/windows_share

Temporary Mount (Restart Required)

Use the mount command with your Windows share details. Replace placeholders (< Windows_IP> , < share_name> , < username> , < password> ) with actual values:

sudo mount -t cifs //<
    Windows_IP>
    /<
    share_name>
     /mnt/windows_share \
-o username=<
    username>
    ,password=<
    password>
    ,uid=$UID

• Key Options:
  • uid=$UID: Grants your Ubuntu user access to the mounted files.
  • vers=2.0: Use for older Windows systems (e.g., Win7); omit for newer versions (Win10/11).

Permanent Mount (Auto-Start)

For automatic mounting at boot, edit the /etc/fstab file:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add this line (replace values as above and create a credentials file for security):

//<
    Windows_IP>
    /<
    share_name>
     /mnt/windows_share cifs credentials=/etc/samba/credentials,uid=1000,gid=1000,vers=2.0 0 0

• Credentials File: Store your username/password securely (600 permissions):

  echo "username=<
      username>
      " | sudo tee /etc/samba/credentials >
       /dev/null
  echo "password=<
      password>
      " | sudo tee -a /etc/samba/credentials >
       /dev/null
  sudo chmod 600 /etc/samba/credentials
  

Apply changes:

sudo mount -a

Verify Mount

Check if the share is accessible:

df -h | grep windows_share
ls /mnt/windows_share

2. Mounting NFS Shares

Install Required Tools

Ensure the nfs-common package is installed (for NFS clients):

sudo apt update &
    &
     sudo apt install nfs-common

Create a Mount Point

Select a local directory (e.g., /mnt/nfs_share):

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_share

Temporary Mount (Restart Required)

Use the mount command with your NFS server details. Replace < NFS_Server_IP> and < shared_path> :

sudo mount -t nfs <
    NFS_Server_IP>
    :<
    shared_path>
     /mnt/nfs_share

• Example: Mount /exports/data from 192.168.1.100 to /mnt/nfs_share:

  sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:/exports/data /mnt/nfs_share
  

Permanent Mount (Auto-Start)

Edit /etc/fstab to add the NFS share:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add this line (replace values as above):

<
    NFS_Server_IP>
    :<
    shared_path>
     /mnt/nfs_share nfs defaults 0 0

Apply changes:

sudo mount -a

Verify Mount

Check the mount status and access files:

df -h | grep nfs_share
ls /mnt/nfs_share

Troubleshooting Tips

• Permissions: Ensure the Windows share has read/write permissions for your user. For NFS, verify the server allows your Ubuntu IP.
• Firewall: Allow SMB (ports 445/tcp, 137-139/udp) or NFS (port 2049/tcp) traffic in your firewall.
• Network: Confirm the server is reachable (ping < IP> ).
• Logs: Check system logs (dmesg | tail or /var/log/syslog) for mount errors.

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