如何在Debian上配置PHP的SMTP邮件发送

在Debian上配置PHP的SMTP邮件发送可以通过多种方式实现，以下是使用sendmail和PHPMailer两种常见方法的步骤：

方法一：使用Sendmail

1. 安装Sendmail

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt install sendmail
   

2. 配置Sendmail 编辑Sendmail配置文件 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf 或创建一个 .cf 文件并链接到 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf。

   sudo nano /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
   

   在文件中添加或修改以下行：

   define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.yourprovider.com')dnl
   define(`RELAY_MAILER_ARGS', `TCP $h 587')dnl
   define(`ESMTP_MAILER_ARGS', `TCP $h 587')dnl
   define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl
   TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl
   define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl
   

3. 重启Sendmail

   sudo systemctl restart sendmail
   

4. 配置PHPMailer 在你的PHP脚本中使用PHPMailer发送邮件：

   <
       ?php
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
       
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP;
       
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;
       
   
   require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
       
   require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
       
   require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';
       
   
   $mail = new PHPMailer(true);
   
   
   try {
       
       //Server settings
       $mail->
       SMTPDebug = SMTP::DEBUG_SERVER;
                             // Enable verbose debug output
       $mail->
       isSMTP();
                                                   // Send using SMTP
       $mail->
       Host       = 'smtp.yourprovider.com';
                            // Set the SMTP server to send through
       $mail->
       SMTPAuth   = true;
                                          // Enable SMTP authentication
       $mail->
       AuthType   = SMTP::AUTH_LOGIN;
                               // Authentication type
       $mail->
       Port       = 587;
                                           // TCP port to connect to;
        use 465 for `SMTPS`
       $mail->
       SMTPSecure = SMTP::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS;
                // Enable implicit TLS encryption
       $mail->
       Username   = 'your-email@example.com';
                      // SMTP username
       $mail->
       Password   = 'your-password';
                               // SMTP password
   
       //Recipients
       $mail->
       setFrom('from@example.com', 'Mailer');
       
       $mail->
       addAddress('recipient@example.com', 'Joe User');
            // Add a recipient
   
       // Content
       $mail->
       isHTML(true);
                                               // Set email format to HTML
       $mail->
       Subject = 'Here is the subject';
       
       $mail->
       Body    = 'This is the HTML message body <
       b>
       in bold!<
       /b>
       ';
       
       $mail->
       AltBody = 'This is the body in plain text for non-HTML mail clients';
       
   
       $mail->
       send();
       
       echo 'Message has been sent';
   
   }
    catch (Exception $e) {
   
       echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: {
       $mail->
   ErrorInfo}
       ";
   
   }
       
   

方法二：使用PHPMailer直接发送邮件

1. 安装PHPMailer

   composer require phpmailer/phpmailer
   

2. 配置PHPMailer 在你的PHP脚本中使用PHPMailer发送邮件：

   <
       ?php
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
       
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP;
       
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;
       
   
   require 'vendor/autoload.php';
       
   
   $mail = new PHPMailer(true);
   
   
   try {
       
       //Server settings
       $mail->
       SMTPDebug = SMTP::DEBUG_SERVER;
                             // Enable verbose debug output
       $mail->
       isSMTP();
                                                   // Send using SMTP
       $mail->
       Host       = 'smtp.yourprovider.com';
                            // Set the SMTP server to send through
       $mail->
       SMTPAuth   = true;
                                          // Enable SMTP authentication
       $mail->
       AuthType   = SMTP::AUTH_LOGIN;
                               // Authentication type
       $mail->
       Port       = 587;
                                           // TCP port to connect to;
        use 465 for `SMTPS`
       $mail->
       SMTPSecure = SMTP::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS;
                // Enable implicit TLS encryption
       $mail->
       Username   = 'your-email@example.com';
                      // SMTP username
       $mail->
       Password   = 'your-password';
                               // SMTP password
   
       //Recipients
       $mail->
       setFrom('from@example.com', 'Mailer');
       
       $mail->
       addAddress('recipient@example.com', 'Joe User');
            // Add a recipient
   
       // Content
       $mail->
       isHTML(true);
                                               // Set email format to HTML
       $mail->
       Subject = 'Here is the subject';
       
       $mail->
       Body    = 'This is the HTML message body <
       b>
       in bold!<
       /b>
       ';
       
       $mail->
       AltBody = 'This is the body in plain text for non-HTML mail clients';
       
   
       $mail->
       send();
       
       echo 'Message has been sent';
   
   }
    catch (Exception $e) {
   
       echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: {
       $mail->
   ErrorInfo}
       ";
   
   }
       
   

通过以上两种方法，你可以在Debian上配置PHP的SMTP邮件发送。选择适合你的方法进行配置即可。

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