Ubuntu inotify如何与其他编程语言结合

在Ubuntu系统中，inotify是一个用于监控文件系统事件的Linux内核子系统。你可以使用多种编程语言与inotify结合，以下是一些常见的方法：

1. 使用C语言

C语言是直接与Linux内核交互的最佳选择。你可以使用inotify API来监控文件系统事件。

#include <
    stdio.h>
    
#include <
    stdlib.h>
    
#include <
    string.h>
    
#include <
    sys/inotify.h>
    
#include <
    unistd.h>


#define EVENT_SIZE  ( sizeof (struct inotify_event) )
#define BUF_LEN     ( 1024 * ( EVENT_SIZE + 16 ) )

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    
    int length, i = 0;
    
    int fd;
    
    int wd;
    
    char buffer[BUF_LEN];
    

    fd = inotify_init();
    
    if (fd <
 0) {
    
        perror("inotify_init");

    }
    

    wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
    

    length = read(fd, buffer, BUF_LEN);
    
    if (length <
 0) {
    
        perror("read");

    }
    

    while (i <
 length) {
    
        struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &
    buffer[i];
    
        if (event->
len) {
    
            if (event->
    mask &
 IN_CREATE) {
    
                printf("File %s was created.\n", event->
    name);

            }
     else if (event->
    mask &
 IN_DELETE) {
    
                printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->
    name);

            }
     else if (event->
    mask &
 IN_MODIFY) {
    
                printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->
    name);

            }

        }
    
        i += EVENT_SIZE + event->
    len;

    }
    

    (void) inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
    
    (void) close(fd);
    

    exit(0);

}

2. 使用Python

Python有一个非常流行的库pyinotify，可以方便地与inotify结合。

首先，安装pyinotify：

pip install pyinotify

然后，编写Python脚本：

import pyinotify

class EventHandler(pyinotify.ProcessEvent):
    def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
        print(f"File {
event.pathname}
 was created.")

    def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
        print(f"File {
event.pathname}
 was deleted.")

    def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
        print(f"File {
event.pathname}
     was modified.")

watch_manager = pyinotify.WatchManager()
notifier = pyinotify.Notifier(watch_manager, EventHandler())
watch_manager.add_watch('/path/to/directory', pyinotify.IN_CREATE | pyinotify.IN_DELETE | pyinotify.IN_MODIFY, rec=True)

notifier.loop()

3. 使用Node.js

Node.js有一个模块fs.watch，可以监控文件系统事件。

const fs = require('fs');
    

const path = '/path/to/directory';


fs.watch(path, {
 recursive: true }
    , (eventType, filename) =>
 {

    if (filename) {

        console.log(`File ${
filename}
 was ${
eventType}
    `);

    }
 else {
    
        console.log('Event type is: ' + eventType);

    }

}
    );
    

4. 使用Java

Java有一个库java.nio.file.WatchService，可以监控文件系统事件。

import java.nio.file.*;


public class WatchServiceExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
        WatchService watcher = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
    
        Path dir = Paths.get("/path/to/directory");
    
        dir.register(watcher, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE,
                     StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY);


        while (true) {
    
            WatchKey key;

            try {
    
                key = watcher.take();

            }
 catch (InterruptedException ex) {
    
                return;

            }
    

            for (WatchEvent<
    ?>
 event : key.pollEvents()) {
    
                WatchEvent.Kind<
    ?>
     kind = event.kind();


                if (kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.OVERFLOW) {
    
                    continue;

                }
    

                WatchEvent<
    Path>
     ev = (WatchEvent<
    Path>
    ) event;
    
                Path filename = ev.context();
    

                System.out.println(kind.name() + ": " + filename);

            }
    

            boolean valid = key.reset();

            if (!valid) {
    
                break;

            }

        }

    }

}
    

这些示例展示了如何在不同编程语言中使用inotify来监控文件系统事件。你可以根据自己的需求选择合适的语言和方法。

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