Linux C++如何进行数据加密

在Linux环境下使用C++进行数据加密，可以采用多种加密算法和库。以下是一些常用的方法和步骤：

1. OpenSSL库

OpenSSL是一个强大的加密库，支持多种加密算法。

安装OpenSSL

在大多数Linux发行版中，OpenSSL已经预装。如果没有，可以使用包管理器安装：

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum install openssl-devel     # CentOS/RHEL

示例代码

以下是一个使用OpenSSL进行AES加密和解密的示例：

#include <
    openssl/aes.h>
    
#include <
    openssl/rand.h>
    
#include <
    iostream>
    
#include <
    vector>
    

// 加密函数
std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     encrypt(const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
     plaintext, const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
 key) {
    
    AES_KEY enc_key;
    
    AES_set_encrypt_key(key.data(), 256, &
    enc_key);
    

    int len = plaintext.size();
    
    int ciphertext_len = len + AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
    
    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     ciphertext(ciphertext_len);
    

    AES_encrypt(plaintext.data(), ciphertext.data(), &
    enc_key);
    

    return ciphertext;

}
    

// 解密函数
std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     decrypt(const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
     ciphertext, const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
 key) {
    
    AES_KEY dec_key;
    
    AES_set_decrypt_key(key.data(), 256, &
    dec_key);
    

    int len = ciphertext.size();
    
    int plaintext_len = len - AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
    
    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     plaintext(plaintext_len);
    

    AES_decrypt(ciphertext.data(), plaintext.data(), &
    dec_key);
    

    return plaintext;

}


int main() {
    
    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
 key = {
 /* 32字节密钥 */ }
    ;
    
    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
 plaintext = {
 /* 明文数据 */ }
    ;
    

    auto ciphertext = encrypt(plaintext, key);
    
    auto decryptedtext = decrypt(ciphertext, key);
    

    std::cout <
    <
     "Original: ";
    
    for (auto c : plaintext) std::cout <
    <
     c;
    
    std::cout <
    <
     std::endl;
    

    std::cout <
    <
     "Decrypted: ";
    
    for (auto c : decryptedtext) std::cout <
    <
     c;
    
    std::cout <
    <
     std::endl;
    

    return 0;

}
    

2. Crypto++

Crypto++是另一个流行的C++加密库，提供了丰富的加密算法和功能。

安装Crypto++

在大多数Linux发行版中，可以使用包管理器安装：

sudo apt-get install libcrypto++-dev  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum install crypto++-devel     # CentOS/RHEL

示例代码

以下是一个使用Crypto++进行AES加密和解密的示例：

#include <
    cryptopp/aes.h>
    
#include <
    cryptopp/modes.h>
    
#include <
    cryptopp/filters.h>
    
#include <
    iostream>
    
#include <
    vector>
    

// 加密函数
std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     encrypt(const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
     plaintext, const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
 key) {
    
    using namespace CryptoPP;
    

    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     ciphertext(plaintext.size() + AES::BLOCKSIZE);
    
    CBC_Mode<
    AES>
    ::Encryption enc;
    
    enc.SetKeyWithIV(key.data(), key.size(), key.data());
    

    StringSource ss1(plaintext, true,
        new StreamTransformationFilter(enc,
            new StringSink(ciphertext)
        ) // StreamTransformationFilter
    );
     // StringSource

    return ciphertext;

}
    

// 解密函数
std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     decrypt(const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
     ciphertext, const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
 key) {
    
    using namespace CryptoPP;
    

    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     decryptedtext(ciphertext.size());
    
    CBC_Mode<
    AES>
    ::Decryption dec;
    
    dec.SetKeyWithIV(key.data(), key.size(), key.data());
    

    StringSource ss2(ciphertext, true,
        new StreamTransformationFilter(dec,
            new StringSink(decryptedtext)
        ) // StreamTransformationFilter
    );
     // StringSource

    return decryptedtext;

}


int main() {
    
    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
 key = {
 /* 32字节密钥 */ }
    ;
    
    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
 plaintext = {
 /* 明文数据 */ }
    ;
    

    auto ciphertext = encrypt(plaintext, key);
    
    auto decryptedtext = decrypt(ciphertext, key);
    

    std::cout <
    <
     "Original: ";
    
    for (auto c : plaintext) std::cout <
    <
     c;
    
    std::cout <
    <
     std::endl;
    

    std::cout <
    <
     "Decrypted: ";
    
    for (auto c : decryptedtext) std::cout <
    <
     c;
    
    std::cout <
    <
     std::endl;
    

    return 0;

}
    

3. GnuPG

GnuPG是一个用于加密和解密的工具，也可以通过C++接口使用。

安装GnuPG

在大多数Linux发行版中，可以使用包管理器安装：

sudo apt-get install gnupg2  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum install gnupg2     # CentOS/RHEL

示例代码

以下是一个使用GnuPG进行加密和解密的示例：

#include <
    gpgme.h>
    
#include <
    iostream>
    
#include <
    vector>
    

// 加密函数
std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     encrypt(const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
     plaintext, const std::string&
 recipient) {
    
    gpgme_check_version(NULL);
    

    gpgme_error_t err = gpgme_new(&
    ctx);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_new() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_set_protocol(ctx, GPGME_PROTOCOL_OpenPGP);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_set_protocol() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_set_hostkeycheck(ctx, true);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_set_hostkeycheck() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_data_new_from_mem(&
    in, plaintext.data(), plaintext.size());
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_new_from_mem() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_data_new(&
    out);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_new() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_op_encrypt(ctx, in, out, recipient.c_str());
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_op_encrypt() failed");
    

    size_t out_len;
    
    err = gpgme_data_seek(out, 0, SEEK_SET);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_seek() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_data_read(out, out_len);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_read() failed");
    

    gpgme_data_release(in);
    
    gpgme_data_release(out);
    

    gpgme_close(ctx);
    

    return std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    (out_len, out_len);

}
    

// 解密函数
std::vector<
    unsigned char>
     decrypt(const std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    &
     ciphertext, const std::string&
 passphrase) {
    
    gpgme_check_version(NULL);
    

    gpgme_error_t err = gpgme_new(&
    ctx);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_new() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_set_protocol(ctx, GPGME_PROTOCOL_OpenPGP);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_set_protocol() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_set_hostkeycheck(ctx, true);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_set_hostkeycheck() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_data_new_from_mem(&
    in, ciphertext.data(), ciphertext.size());
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_new_from_mem() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_data_new(&
    out);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_new() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_op_decrypt(ctx, in, out, passphrase.c_str());
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_op_decrypt() failed");
    

    size_t out_len;
    
    err = gpgme_data_seek(out, 0, SEEK_SET);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_seek() failed");
    

    err = gpgme_data_read(out, out_len);
    
    if (err) throw std::runtime_error("gpgme_data_read() failed");
    

    gpgme_data_release(in);
    
    gpgme_data_release(out);
    

    gpgme_close(ctx);
    

    return std::vector<
    unsigned char>
    (out_len, out_len);

}


int main() {
    
    std::string recipient = "recipient@example.com";
    
    std::string passphrase = "your_passphrase";
    

    std::vector<
    unsigned char>
 plaintext = {
 /* 明文数据 */ }
    ;
    

    auto ciphertext = encrypt(plaintext, recipient);
    
    auto decryptedtext = decrypt(ciphertext, passphrase);
    

    std::cout <
    <
     "Original: ";
    
    for (auto c : plaintext) std::cout <
    <
     c;
    
    std::cout <
    <
     std::endl;
    

    std::cout <
    <
     "Decrypted: ";
    
    for (auto c : decryptedtext) std::cout <
    <
     c;
    
    std::cout <
    <
     std::endl;
    

    return 0;

}
    

总结

以上是几种在Linux环境下使用C++进行数据加密的方法。选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求和偏好。OpenSSL和Crypto++提供了丰富的加密算法和功能，而GnuPG则更适合处理PGP加密。

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